Free Essays on Karl Marx, The Estrangement Of Labor

Karl Marx The Estrangement of Labor Throughout Marx’s Philosophical and Economic Manuscript of 1844, the term "estranged labor" is predominate in his theories. But what is â€Å"estranged labor†? In the introduction to the book, the point is brought up that this phrase is one of difficulty when translating the Manuscript from German to English. There is a dispute over whether to use estranged instead of alienated. Both of these terms have similar meanings in that they describe the separation between two or more things or people. However, it is believed that it is more proper to use â€Å"estranged† because alienated leads the reader to believe that the separation was created, in this case, by the laborer. Whereas by definition, estranged means: 1: to remove from customary environment or associations 2: to arouse especially mutual enmity or indifference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness (www.m-w.com). and labor: 2: an act or process requiring labor (task) 3: a product of labor (www.m-w.com). Therefore, we can conclude that estranged labor is the removal of the process or product of a labor or task from its natural place in nature. But what does Marx mean by this? To understand what Marx is talking about, we must look back at his dialectic. This part of Marx’s theories derives from two men, Georg Hegel and Ludwig Feuerbach. Hegel and Feuerbach were on the opposite ends of the philosophical spectrum. Hegel was an Idealist Philosopher who believed that the human conscience developed separate of the outside world. Feuerbach on the other hand was a Materialist Philosopher who believed that everything was defined by the material world. Marx takes the middle ground here. He states that while it is true that the conscience develops separately and the material world does define much of a society, you cannot have one without the other. Here Marx uses Hegel’s ideas of the thesis and antithesis. Heg... Free Essays on Karl Marx, The Estrangement Of Labor Free Essays on Karl Marx, The Estrangement Of Labor Karl Marx The Estrangement of Labor Throughout Marx’s Philosophical and Economic Manuscript of 1844, the term "estranged labor" is predominate in his theories. But what is â€Å"estranged labor†? In the introduction to the book, the point is brought up that this phrase is one of difficulty when translating the Manuscript from German to English. There is a dispute over whether to use estranged instead of alienated. Both of these terms have similar meanings in that they describe the separation between two or more things or people. However, it is believed that it is more proper to use â€Å"estranged† because alienated leads the reader to believe that the separation was created, in this case, by the laborer. Whereas by definition, estranged means: 1: to remove from customary environment or associations 2: to arouse especially mutual enmity or indifference in where there had formerly been love, affection, or friendliness (www.m-w.com). and labor: 2: an act or process requiring labor (task) 3: a product of labor (www.m-w.com). Therefore, we can conclude that estranged labor is the removal of the process or product of a labor or task from its natural place in nature. But what does Marx mean by this? To understand what Marx is talking about, we must look back at his dialectic. This part of Marx’s theories derives from two men, Georg Hegel and Ludwig Feuerbach. Hegel and Feuerbach were on the opposite ends of the philosophical spectrum. Hegel was an Idealist Philosopher who believed that the human conscience developed separate of the outside world. Feuerbach on the other hand was a Materialist Philosopher who believed that everything was defined by the material world. Marx takes the middle ground here. He states that while it is true that the conscience develops separately and the material world does define much of a society, you cannot have one without the other. Here Marx uses Hegel’s ideas of the thesis and antithesis. Heg...

A Fruit Smoothie Is A Drink Biology Essay

A Fruit Smoothie Is A Drink Biology Essay Fruit and vegetables are not consumed in the required quantities, throughout the world due to a variety of reasons e.g. availability, cost and/or convenience. Even though there importance is clearly defined by the World Health Organisation guidelines (Keenan et al. 2011a), in the developed world convenience is perceived as being the predominant cause for the demise of fruit and vegetable consumption. This has directly led to the development of a new product set – that enables the consumer to achieve the recommended 5 portions a day, whilst maintaining their busy life styles. ‘Smoothies’ have now entered into popular culture; the (Oxford English Dictionary, 2013) defines it as â€Å"Noun – a thick, smooth drink of fresh fruit purà ©ed with milk, yogurt, or ice cream† A fruit Smoothie is a drink that blends fruit and fruit juice together to create a healthy snack. The Smoothie market to have reached $9.0 billion by 2015 (Global Industry Analysts, 201 0) and that UK sales reached 34 million in 2006, which is 6.3 million up on 2001 according to Mintel who also expect Smoothie sales to treble by 2011 (BBC News, 2007). In the USA the sales reached $2 billion in 2012, which has grown 80% over the past 5 years (Smoothie Statistics, 2012). In the UK, the sales of smoothie increase to 80 million in 2007, but showed a reduction in sales gradually falling by 2009, however sales have increased again by 2011 to 55 million (British soft drinks, 2011). Mintel are a company that provide food and drink research to the UK. They have reported that many fruit Smoothies have been found to have a hidden sugar content to sweeten the Smoothie up; many of the fruit Smoothies were found to have hidden sugars comprising of fruit juice concentrates and high fructose syrup (Courier mail, 2013). Most Smoothie’s have apple and banana as core ingredients. Apples have a natural sweetness; this means not as much, if any additional sugar needs to be added to the drink, to sweeten the taste, banana is also added as it adds a natural thickness to the Smoothie, nothing artificial needs to be added to the Smoothie (Innocent drinks, 2013). One problem that is faced is the texture of the drink, it can be quite bitty or grainy, this is derived from tiny particles that some fruits contain, for example strawberries have small pips on the outside of the fruit, so blending the fruit alone will not get the particles to break up. However a way to change this has been found that passing ultrasound waves into the fruit during its preparation makes the particles smaller. Ultrasound wave technology has been available for many years, but in the last 10 years the food industry has developed a methodology to use the ultrasonic waves in food processing (Ultrasonic innovations, 2008). This paper presents an example of using ultrasound waves in the Fruit Smoothie product to reduce the particle size problem outlined earlier. There are a number of advantage s for using ultrasonic waves, they have a more effective mixing and micro-mixing, faster energy and mass transfer, reduction in temperature – the mixture can remain at the same temperature throughout the process. Ultrasound wave technology also increases the production volumes of the Smoothies (Chemat et al., 2011).

Justify Punishment in Modern Society Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Justify Punishment in Modern Society - Assignment Example The other just has to do with punishing a person who has committed a crime, leaving a victim who seeks retribution. 2. Although the saying â€Å"crime does not pay† is widely popular, I would have to disagree with this statement. The connotation of this saying is that a criminal will always get caught. However, the police department is swamped with unsolved and cold cases. Our judicial system also finds itself often foiled by a technicality that often sets a criminal free. There are many ways and means that a criminal can get out of the accusations provided he has a good lawyer who knows how to find and work loopholes in the law. That is why I cannot agree with this statement. 3. The Quakers were of the idea that criminals could be reformed if they were imprisoned in a building that looked blank and lifeless upon their entrance. The Quakers strongly believed that in a place where a solitary, and sad existence was the way of life for the prisoner, he would have time to reflect upon his crimes which would, in turn, make him penitent and convince him to reform his ways upon leaving the penitentiary. To correctly quote the Quaker policy on solitary confinement; No prisoner is seen by another after he enters the wall. When the years of confinement have passed, his old associates in crime will be scattered over the earth, or in the grave and the prisoner can go forth into a new and industrious life, where his previous misdeeds are unknown. (Walsh, â€Å"Black Hoods and Iron Gags†) The end result of this Quaker experiment? Most of the inmates either went insane or died after a few months. That is why the penitentiary saw itself being reformed by 1903 to become more humane in the treatment of the inmates. 4.The issues of social class, gender, age, and victim characteristics are often pointed to as having a tremendous influence on the jury and judge when it comes to sentencing the guilty party. However, aside from juvenile related crimes, social class, and gender are not really considered by the judge when sentencing the guilty party because those are not part of the official lawful criteria to be considered in the sentencing of a guilty party. Instead, the extent of the guilt of the person based upon the gravity of the offense and victim characteristics, cruelty of the offender, circumstances of the case, number of offenses the guilty party has committed, and whether he was the main offender or accessory all play a role in determining the sentence of the guilty party.

Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 7

Case Study - Essay Example Basement and much of first floor occupying the administrative office, emergency room, operations, and cafeteria were flooded to about six feet. When we inspected the premises to put up a temporary office along with surgical suites and clinical laboratory on the second floor, which was not affected by flood water, we noticed heaps of trash and debris. The task I was assigned, to guide Incident Commander on the safe entry, cleanup procedure, appropriate PPE for all recovery works, and hazard assessment for the most critical items or operations that can cause acute or chronic health effects, illness or disease, was most challenging. We recognized that without organizational skills and knowledge of time tested processes we will achieve little with manpower, massive resources, and technical expertise. Only through a definite written plan, adequate training and basic safety knowledge of the workers engaged in cleaning, and a centralized control and coordination such a herculian activity could be materialized. To achieve the goal, following broad overview of the duties and recommendations has been chartered, according to priority, and submitted to the Incident Commander: â€Å"Industrial hygienists recognize that engineering, work practice, and administrative controls are the primary means of reducing employee exposure to occupational hazards. Engineering controls minimize employee exposure by either reducing or removing the hazard at the source or isolating the worker from the hazards.† (NOSH interim recommendations for the cleaning and remediation of flood-contaminated HVAC system: A guide for building owner and managers, 2004). Being a hospital, the main Industrial Hygiene concerns for our team and the clean-up recovery workers were exposure to skin and respiratory disorders. It is possible that during flooding the systems for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) could

Character and Setting in Popular Music :: Music Communication Essays

Character and Setting in Popular Music Whether it is through music or written literature, such as a novel, characters convey emotion and thought. The audience understands through the characters present. Just as we find characters we love we also find characters we despise. Setting is much the same. Whether the setting is explicitly given or simply implied, the audience has a picture in mind. Sometimes it is a place of great beauty and sometimes it is a place we would rather disregard. It is my observations however that character and setting are to some extent present in every song I listen to. Character and setting are not only additions to music and songs, but seem to be what makes the songs. Of the popular music available today, we can find songs dedicated to telling a story about a lost loved one, a favorite place of recluse, love in general. But not each of the popular songs lay out the setting or give the embodiment of a character. Listening to these songs however, the listener is transposed into the song and can see as the speaker talks. For example, Alicia Keys’s song â€Å"Diary.† This song is the voice of a woman speaking to her lover. â€Å"Lay your head down on my pillow,† she sings. â€Å"Here you can be yourself.† So from the beginning we are invited to witness the sweet whispers of lovers in a room. The bed, inviting and comfortable, sits in center stage. We listen to the woman tell of her love and the security her man can find in her and she in him. â€Å"I am the pages of your diary,† she sings. Again, Alicia does not tell us all the details, but somehow the picture is so clear. Another example of a popular song that has setting and character is a song by India Arie entitled â€Å"Nature.† In this song she is telling a loved one to slow down: â€Å"Let’s sit and watch the flowers grow†¦let’s sit and watch the river flow.† She believes that nature is a show and there is music there. And although she doesn’t really give us a clear character we can relate to, we can see the singer as the character.

Environmental Science in Today’s World Essay

Humans so dominate today’s world that there is no ecosystem on earth that has not been influenced to a greater or lesser degree of human activities. And, as long as humans remain on earth, such influence will not end. Sustainability will depend on learning to channel our efforts so that we play a positive supporting role as opposed to a destructive role toward ecosystems (Nebel & Wright, 1993). Environmental risk is a reality of today’s world. The seemingly endless supply of synthetic chemicals, consumer goods, energy, and waste create new risks through chemical contamination, pollution, and environmental degradation. Environmental disasters such as chemical spills or explosions threaten millions of people living in the vicinity of manufacturing or storage facilities. The uncertain risks of global warming and ozone depletion loom ahead. A central factor of environmental risk is that it is usually involuntary. People do not choose to ingest chemical pollutants such as pesticides or industrial solvents in their food and water, to undergo workplace exposures to dangerous chemicals, to breathe polluted air, or to experience radiation exposure from nuclear fallout or faulty nuclear power plants. These environmental risks pose a unique problem to regulators charged with protecting the public health. Limited information may be available on the health effects of these risks. Consequently, in an effort to protect the public’s health, various government agencies study these potential hazards to determine the level of risk they pose. This effort to understand these risks, and to quantify their impact on human health, is the field of risk analysis (Moore, 2002). The scale of human occupation and transformation of the environment is now truly global. The adverse health effects of this ignorance may have been limited, as the environmental damage was on a local scale. However, in today’s world our activities are having an impact at a global scale, and global environmental change will become a major theme in public health research, social policy and development, and political advocacy in the 21st century. The conceptualization of the environment as a global public good for health should go some way not only in increasing an appreciation for this heritage and dependency, but should also enhance the interface between research and policy. This increased awareness and interface between key stakeholders might lead to effective action to ensure a sustainable future for current and future generations (Hester & Harrison, 2002).

Why Should The Lgbt Community Serve Openly - 1924 Words

Why Should the LGBT Community Serve Openly? Why exactly should we allow the LGBT community to serve openly in the military? There are many reasons that can, in the long run affect us as a society. Why should we care about other people and the gender that they choose to be? When we are at war and fighting for our country would that really matter ! These very reasons and many more are what steer the LGBT community away from the military. The LGBT community should be able to serve openly in the military because gender identity has nothing to do with physical ability, the ban is an act of discrimination, and the American Constitution proposes a society based in inclusion not exclusion. The LGBT community should be able the serve openly in the military because gender identity has nothing to do with physical ability. Gender identity and sexual orientation are not the same, and many people do not understand the difference between the two. Gender identity is which one applies him/herself as (male or female) which include straight men and women transgender men and women, some lesbians and gays. Sexual orientation is which one he/she desires to be with. For example, a woman with a woman would be the lesbian community, a man with a man would be the gay community, a man or a woman who chooses to be with either sex would be your bisexual community, and the transgender community would be men or women that have gone under surgeries or procedures that change their gender identity. â€Å"GenderShow MoreRelatedWhy Should The Lgbt Community Serve Openly?1899 Words   |  8 PagesWhy Should the LGBT Community Serve Openly? Publics in Africa and in predominantly Muslim countries remain among the least accepting of homosexuality. In sub-Saharan Africa, at least nine-in-ten in Nigeria (98%), Senegal (96%), Ghana (96%), Uganda (96%) and Kenya (90%) believe homosexuality should not be accepted by society. Even in South Africa where, unlike in many other African countries, homosexual acts are legal and discrimination based on sexual orientation is unconstitutional, 61% say homosexualityRead MoreCovering Information During the Civil Rights Movement1816 Words   |  7 Pagesme the biggest one it relates to is homosexuality and gender identity. Although there has been a tremendous amount of progress over the years with giving the LGBT community the same rights as straight people they still are not considered equal in the eyes of the law and some people. For 17 years homosexuals were not allowed to openly serve in the military due to the â€Å"Don’t Ask, Don’t tell† policy implemented by Pr esident Clinton. The policy stated that if you were homosexual you were not to tellRead MoreLgbt Community : A Heated Topic Within Politics1419 Words   |  6 PagesIn recent years, equality regarding the lesbian, gay, bi, and transgender community has been a heated topic within politics. Beginning in June of 2015, outrage has grown in Texas with the Supreme Court decision favoring marriage equality. Though LGBT persons now have government approval to marry whom they choose, this effort has not ended discrimination against non-heterosexuals. The LGBT community needs to be included in Article 1 Sections 3, 3a, and 32 of the Texas Constitution, because state lawsRead Moreequal rights for L.G.B.T.† revolution800 Words   |  4 Pagesconversation because if he lands on a N.F.L team this upcoming season, Sam will be the first openly gay football player in the history of the N.F.L. CNN author Coy Wire wrote the article â€Å"Michael Sam smashes status quo† which discusses the hardship and impact of the first potential iconic figure for the LGBT in the NFL. In the article, Wire discusses how bold it was for Michael Sam to come out as an openly gay football player because he is paving the way for people to be comfortable with the ideaRead MoreThe Rights For Transgender Youth Essay1179 Words   |  5 Pages Rights for Transgender Youth- In the Classroom Hannah Wintz Ball State University School is thought of as a safe, friendly environment for all to learn and share their ideas, creativity, and opinions. It should be, especially since Americans send their children to school, five days a week, seven hours a day. Unfortunately, not all children feel that their safety is ensured at their schools. Transgender youth feel as if they cannot be their true selves in an environment that’s supposedRead MoreThe Issue Of The State Constitution On Same Sex Marriage Rights1850 Words   |  8 Pagescampaign. One of the biggest problems that the campaign came across was money. It takes a lot of money to pass a bill or to appose a bill. Proposition 8 was neck and neck for yes and no results. Yes on 8 campaign requested assistants from the Mormon community and minority homophobia. The Yes on 8 campaign was lead by leaders of Protect Marriage, the main group behind the ban. Protect Marriage campaign issued an urgent cry for help asking for more funds to help keep the fight alive. The Mormon ChurchRead MoreThe Transgender Community Is An Integral Part Of The Lgbt Community1364 Words   |  6 PagesThe transgender community is an integral part of the LGBT community, although there are slight differences. The purpose of this paper is to bring to highlight such differences and discrimination that the transgender community faces. The Merriam Webster’s dictionary defines being transgender as â€Å"of, relating to, or being a person (as a transsexual or transvestite) who identifies with or expresses a gender identity that differs from the one which corresponds to the person s sex at birth.† TypicallyRead MoreEssay On Transgender Army978 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States government will not accept or allow transgender individuals to serve in any capacity in the U.S. military. This ban would affect the already estimated 15,000 currently serving military personnel and any future transgender volunteers. Following this statement was an uproar of backlash from all corners of the country and to some has solidified the fact that Trump does not stand with the LGBT community, which he ran his campaign on. Many feel this announcement is unconstitutional andRead MoreThe Banning Of Movies On Lgbt, Religion, Laws, And History1532 Words   |  7 Pagesbut also oppress people that identify as LGBTQ in those respective countries. The question as to why prejudice happens in the world has been a question that lingered for the longest time. Several factors contribute to the attitudes and views of various cultures towards LGBT, namely religion, laws, and history. Religion has a big influence on the attitudes of certain cultures towards LGBTQ community. The three main religions, Abrahamic religions, Indic religions and Sinic religions, all have differentRead MoreThe Debate On Same Sex Marriage1934 Words   |  8 PagesMarriage equality has been a nation’s issue on and off election agenda. Back in 2013, Supreme Court’s decisions on Hollingsworth vs. Perry, also known as Proposition 8 established oppositions from around the world. As a nation, there should not be any reasons as to why there is sill no clear declaration of answers for this issue. The small percentage would argue that there seem to be progress toward same-sex marriage, yet regardless of what the law says, the debate on same-sex marriage not only lies